compute the hydrostatic pressure in order to compute the Dirichlet conditions on the pressure at outlets
1: calculation of the hydrostatic pressure at the outlet boundary
0: no calculation of the hydrostatic pressure at the outlet boundary (default) This option is automatically specified depending on the choice of iphydr and the value of gravity (icalhy = 1 if iphydr = 1 and gravity is different from 0; otherwise icalhy = 0). The activation of this option generates an additional calculation cost (about 30% depending on the case).
If head losses are present just along an outlet boundary, it is necessary to specify icalhy = 0 in order to deactivate the recalculation of the hydrostatic pressure at the boundary, which may otherwise cause instabilities
Improved pressure interpolation scheme. Take into account the balance or imbalance between the pressure gradient and source terms (as gravity and head losses)
1: impose the equilibrium of the static part of the pressure with any external force, even head losses (default)
2: hydrostatic pressure computation with an apriori momentum equation to obtain a hydrostatic pressure taking into account the imbalance between the pressure gradient and the gravity source term.
0: no treatment
When the density effects are important, the choice of iphydr = 1 allows to improve the interpolation of the pressure and correct the non-physical velocities which may appear in highly stratified areas or near horizontal walls.
The improved algorithm also allows eradicating the velocity oscillations which tend to appear at the frontiers of areas with high head losses.
In the case of a stratified flow, the calculation cost is higher when the improved algorithm is used (about 30% depending on the case) because the hydrostatic pressure must be recalculated at the outlet boundary conditions: see icalhy.
On meshes of insufficient quality, in order to improve the convergence, it may be useful to increase the number of iterations for the reconstruction of the pressure right-hand side, i.e. nswrsm.
If head losses are present just along an outlet boundary, it is necessary to specify icalhy = 0 in order to deactivate the recalculation of the hydrostatic pressure at the boundary, which may otherwise cause instabilities. Please refer to the handling of the hydrostatic pressure section of the theory guide for more information.
The iphydr = 2 option is a legacy treatment to improve the computation of the pressure gradient for buoyant/stratified flows. In most cases, iphydr = 2 is equivalent to iphydr = 1, but for the following situations, iphydr = 2 can yield better results:
multiple inlet/outlets with different altitudes
outlets normal to the gravity Note that iphydr = 2 is less general than iphydr = 1: only gravity forces are taken into account.
indicates the algorithm for velocity/pressure coupling:
0: standard algorithm,
1: reinforced coupling in case calculation with long time steps
Always useful (it is seldom advised, but it can prove very useful, for instance, in case of flows with weak convection effects and highly variable viscosity).
0: staggered time scheme. On the time grids, the velocity is half a time step behind the density and the buoyant scalar. (See the thesis of [Pierce:2004])
1: collocated time scheme. On the time grids, the velocity is at the same location as the density and the buoyant scalar. (See [Ma:2019])